Professor Gautam Sen served the Indian Army as a Commissioned Infantry Officer in the Gorkha Regiment. He taught for three years at the Indian Military Academy, Dehradun. Presently he is concurrently Adjunct Professor at National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Centre for Land Warfare Studies, Delhi, Visiting Professor, Perspective Policy Foundation, Delhi, Member Accreditation Advisory Committee, MHRD, and Member Governing Council, Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies, Pune.
Professor Sen was formerly Sawarkar Professor of Strategic Studies (1981-2007), Head Department of Defence Studies (1981-2001), Director Post Graduate Studies (1993-2001), Director Board of Colleges & University Development (2001-2004), Founder Director National Centre of International Security and Defence Analysis (NISDA,2002-2007) all at the University of Pune, He was Director General and Member Board of Trustees, Indian Institute of Education, Pune (2006-2011). Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee Chair of Excellence, USI, Delhi (2018-19). He has been a Visiting Professor at Madras University, Gujrat Vidyapith, Goa University, Institute of Social and Economic Change, Bangalore and UGC Visiting Professor at Gorakhpur University. Fellow of IISS, London, Jean Monnet Fellow, European University Institute, Florence, Italy. He has been a member of search committees for the selection of Vice-Chancellor and Member of the Executive Council of various Indian Universities.
Professor Sen has been a research supervisor to Ph.D. and M.Phil. students. He has taught postgraduate students for 33 years covering over 9000 students and the author of six books and innumerable research monographs and journal articles.